一个精巧的应用程序实例－wshout
一个精巧的应用程序实例－wshout
我们通过一个经过精心选择的例子，进一步讨论一下Windows Sockets编程技术。例如如何编制客户机或服务器程序，如何应用TCP有连接服务（流式套接口）或UDP无连接服务（数据报套接口），如何进行阻塞或非阻塞方式的套接口操作等等，这些都是经常碰到的问题。接下来要介绍的wshout程序，可以通过灵活地设置不同选项来达到上述应用情况的任意组合，从而基本覆盖了应用Windows Sockets编程所可能碰到的问题，具有很好的研究参考价值。
由于该程序思路清晰，结构精良，所以我们不打算很详细地剖析每一个语句，而只是简要介绍一下整个程序的逻辑结构，并在源程序中加入适当的注释。我们相信，任何具有基本C语言和Windows编程经验的读者，都能很轻松地读懂绝大部分内容。经过仔细咀嚼和推敲后，更能得到一些编写优质程序的灵感。
该程序在FTP公司的PCTCP支撑环境下调试通过，不过只要读者拥有任何符合Windows Sockets 1.1规范的实现，也能顺利执行该程序。
源程序目录
1. wshout.c wshout主程序
2. wshout.h wshout头文件
3. wshout.rc wshout资源文件
4. ushout.c UDP客户机程序
5. ulisten.c UDP服务器程序
6. tshout.c TCP客户机程序
7. tlisten.c TCP服务器程序
8. errno.c 获取WSAE*错误描述字符串程序
9. resolve.c 客户机/服务器启动程序
在编译本程序时，笔者用的是BC3.1，只需做一个PRJ工程文件，将上述.c文件及winsock.lib包括进来就行了。请注意winsock.h应在include目录或当前目录中，winsock.lib可利用winsock.dll通过implib工具来建立。如果读者使用其他的编译器，可自行作相应的调整，在此不再赘述。
1. wshout.c清单
CODE:
/*
* 文件名: WSHOUT.C
*/
/* MSC Include files: */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "wshout.h"
#define MAJOR_VERSION 1
#define MINOR_VERSION 2
#define WSA_MAKEWORD(x,y) ((y) * 256 + (x)) /* HI:Minor, LO:Major */
HANDLE hInst; /* 进程实例句柄 */
HWND hOurWnd; /* 主窗口句柄 */
HWND hMainDlg; /* 主对话框句柄 */
int ret; /* 工作变量 */
char prbuf[PRBUF_LEN]; /* 用于显示文本的工作缓冲区 */
SOCKET sd; /* 用于监听连接的套接口描述字 */
long temporary_option = 0L; /* 缺省为阻塞模式 */
long blocking_option = 0L; /* 阻塞模式的全局标识 */
int run_cancelled = 0; /* 指示何时按下了取消按钮 */
int len = 1024; /* 一次写的字节数 */
BOOL running = FALSE; /* 程序的运行状态 */
const int iTCP = 1; /* 指定为TCP Shout */
const int iUDP = 2; /* 指定为UDP Shout */
int iProto = 1; /* 缺省为TCP Shout */
int iPortNo = SOCK_SHOUT;
int temporary_protocol = 1; /* 在Settings()中使用 */
int iShout = 1;
int iListen = 2;
int iClientOrServer = 1; /* 缺省为Shout（客户机） */
int tClientOrServer = 1; /* 在Settings()中使用 */
char HostModeBuf[20];/* 保存模式字符串 */
WORD VersionReqd;
LPWSADATA lpmyWSAData;
int PASCAL
WinMain (HANDLE hInstance,HANDLE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
MSG msg;
BOOL InitApp(HANDLE);
if (!hPrevInstance)
if (!InitApp(hInstance))
return (NULL);
hInst = hInstance;
hWnd = CreateWindow("MainMenu",
"Windows Shout",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
if (!hWnd)
return (NULL);
hOurWnd = hWnd;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg); /* 翻译虚拟键码 */
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return (msg.wParam);
}
BOOL InitApp(HANDLE hInstance)
{
HANDLE hMemory;
PWNDCLASS pWndClass;
BOOL bSuccess;
hMemory = LocalAlloc(LPTR, sizeof(WNDCLASS));
pWndClass = (PWNDCLASS) LocalLock(hMemory);
pWndClass->hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
pWndClass->hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPSTR) "SHOUT");
pWndClass->lpszMenuName = (LPSTR) "MainMenu";
pWndClass->lpszClassName = (LPSTR) "MainMenu";
pWndClass->hbrBackground = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
pWndClass->hInstance = hInstance;
pWndClass->style = NULL;
pWndClass->lpfnWndProc = ShoutWndProc;
bSuccess = RegisterClass(pWndClass);
LocalUnlock(hMemory);
LocalFree(hMemory);
return (bSuccess);
}
long FAR PASCAL ShoutWndProc(HWND hWnd, WORD message,WORD wParam, LONG lParam)
{
FARPROC lpDialogBoxProc;
switch (message){
case WM_CREATE:
/* Put up the dialog box */
lpDialogBoxProc = MakeProcInstance(DialogProc, hInst);
DialogBox (hInst, (LPSTR) "MainDialog", hWnd, lpDialogBoxProc) ;
FreeProcInstance(lpDialogBoxProc);
PostMessage(hWnd, WM_DESTROY, 0, 0L);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return(DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam));
}
return NULL;
}
BOOL FAR PASCAL DialogProc(HWND hOurDlg, WORD message, WORD wParam, LONG lParam)
{
FARPROC lpProcAbout;
FARPROC lpProcSettings;
long lret;
WORD wMajorVersion, wMinorVersion;
char hostnm[64]; /* 包含主机名的工作缓冲区 */
switch (message) {
case WM_INITDIALOG:
/* 选择缺省主机 */
SetDlgItemText(hOurDlg, IDD_HNAME, "");
SendDlgItemMessage(hOurDlg, /* 对话框句柄 */
IDD_HNAME, /* 向何处发送msg */
EM_SETSEL, /* 选择字符 */
NULL, /* 附加信息 */
MAKELONG(0, 0x7fff)); /* 全部内容 */
SetFocus(GetDlgItem(hOurDlg, IDD_HNAME));
/* 初始化 */
hMainDlg = hOurDlg; /* 保存自己的窗口句柄 */
SetDlgItemText(hOurDlg, IDD_COHOST,"Shout to:");
wMajorVersion = MAJOR_VERSION;
wMinorVersion = MINOR_VERSION;
VersionReqd=WSA_MAKEWORD(wMajorVersion, wMinorVersion);
lpmyWSAData = (LPWSADATA)_calloc(1, sizeof(WSADATA));
ret = WSAStartup(VersionReqd, lpmyWSAData);
if (ret != 0){
wshout_err (hOurDlg, WSAGetLastError(), "WSAStartup()");
}
return (TRUE);
case WM_CLOSE:
PostMessage(hOurDlg, WM_COMMAND, IDM_EXIT, 0L);
break;
case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
SendMessage(hOurWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch (wParam) {
case IDD_CONNECT: /* 按下连接按钮 */
case IDM_START: /* 选择了Start菜单项 */
run_cancelled = FALSE;
/* 不能重入 */
if (running){
MessageBox(hOurWnd,"Shout is already running !",
"Shout", MB_OK | MB_APPLMODAL | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}
ClearBoxes(hOurDlg);
running = TRUE;
if (iClientOrServer == iShout) {
/* 确保有主机名 */
if (GetDlgItemText (hOurDlg, IDD_HNAME, hostnm, 80) < 2) {
MessageBeep(0);
SetDlgItemText(hOurDlg,
IDD_COMMENT,"No hostname specified");
running = FALSE;
break;
}
sd = ResolveAndConnectHost((char FAR *)hostnm,hOurDlg,iProto,
iPortNo);
if (sd == SOCKET_ERROR) {/* 无法创建套接口 */
running = FALSE;
break;
}
}
else {
sd = GetSocketAndBind(hOurDlg, iProto, iPortNo);
if (sd == SOCKET_ERROR) {
running = FALSE;
break;
}
}
/* Set the I/O mode of the socket */
if (blocking_option) {
lret = 1L; /* 非阻塞模式 */
ioctlsocket(sd, FIONBIO, (u_long FAR *) &lret);
}
else {
lret = 0L; /* 阻塞模式 */
ioctlsocket(sd, FIONBIO, (u_long FAR *) &lret);
}
if (iClientOrServer == iShout) { /* SHOUT */
/* 产生数据并写入套接口 */
if (iProto == iTCP)
lret = TWriteData(sd, hOurDlg, len);
else /* UDP */
lret = UWriteData(sd, hOurDlg, len);
}
我们通过一个经过精心选择的例子，进一步讨论一下Windows Sockets编程技术。例如如何编制客户机或服务器程序，如何应用TCP有连接服务（流式套接口）或UDP无连接服务（数据报套接口），如何进行阻塞或非阻塞方式的套接口操作等等，这些都是经常碰到的问题。接下来要介绍的wshout程序，可以通过灵活地设置不同选项来达到上述应用情况的任意组合，从而基本覆盖了应用Windows Sockets编程所可能碰到的问题，具有很好的研究参考价值。
由于该程序思路清晰，结构精良，所以我们不打算很详细地剖析每一个语句，而只是简要介绍一下整个程序的逻辑结构，并在源程序中加入适当的注释。我们相信，任何具有基本C语言和Windows编程经验的读者，都能很轻松地读懂绝大部分内容。经过仔细咀嚼和推敲后，更能得到一些编写优质程序的灵感。
该程序在FTP公司的PCTCP支撑环境下调试通过，不过只要读者拥有任何符合Windows Sockets 1.1规范的实现，也能顺利执行该程序。
源程序目录
1. wshout.c wshout主程序
2. wshout.h wshout头文件
3. wshout.rc wshout资源文件
4. ushout.c UDP客户机程序
5. ulisten.c UDP服务器程序
6. tshout.c TCP客户机程序
7. tlisten.c TCP服务器程序
8. errno.c 获取WSAE*错误描述字符串程序
9. resolve.c 客户机/服务器启动程序
在编译本程序时，笔者用的是BC3.1，只需做一个PRJ工程文件，将上述.c文件及winsock.lib包括进来就行了。请注意winsock.h应在include目录或当前目录中，winsock.lib可利用winsock.dll通过implib工具来建立。如果读者使用其他的编译器，可自行作相应的调整，在此不再赘述。
1. wshout.c清单
CODE:
/*
* 文件名: WSHOUT.C
*/
/* MSC Include files: */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "wshout.h"
#define MAJOR_VERSION 1
#define MINOR_VERSION 2
#define WSA_MAKEWORD(x,y) ((y) * 256 + (x)) /* HI:Minor, LO:Major */
HANDLE hInst; /* 进程实例句柄 */
HWND hOurWnd; /* 主窗口句柄 */
HWND hMainDlg; /* 主对话框句柄 */
int ret; /* 工作变量 */
char prbuf[PRBUF_LEN]; /* 用于显示文本的工作缓冲区 */
SOCKET sd; /* 用于监听连接的套接口描述字 */
long temporary_option = 0L; /* 缺省为阻塞模式 */
long blocking_option = 0L; /* 阻塞模式的全局标识 */
int run_cancelled = 0; /* 指示何时按下了取消按钮 */
int len = 1024; /* 一次写的字节数 */
BOOL running = FALSE; /* 程序的运行状态 */
const int iTCP = 1; /* 指定为TCP Shout */
const int iUDP = 2; /* 指定为UDP Shout */
int iProto = 1; /* 缺省为TCP Shout */
int iPortNo = SOCK_SHOUT;
int temporary_protocol = 1; /* 在Settings()中使用 */
int iShout = 1;
int iListen = 2;
int iClientOrServer = 1; /* 缺省为Shout（客户机） */
int tClientOrServer = 1; /* 在Settings()中使用 */
char HostModeBuf[20];/* 保存模式字符串 */
WORD VersionReqd;
LPWSADATA lpmyWSAData;
int PASCAL
WinMain (HANDLE hInstance,HANDLE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
MSG msg;
BOOL InitApp(HANDLE);
if (!hPrevInstance)
if (!InitApp(hInstance))
return (NULL);
hInst = hInstance;
hWnd = CreateWindow("MainMenu",
"Windows Shout",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
if (!hWnd)
return (NULL);
hOurWnd = hWnd;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg); /* 翻译虚拟键码 */
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return (msg.wParam);
}
BOOL InitApp(HANDLE hInstance)
{
HANDLE hMemory;
PWNDCLASS pWndClass;
BOOL bSuccess;
hMemory = LocalAlloc(LPTR, sizeof(WNDCLASS));
pWndClass = (PWNDCLASS) LocalLock(hMemory);
pWndClass->hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
pWndClass->hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPSTR) "SHOUT");
pWndClass->lpszMenuName = (LPSTR) "MainMenu";
pWndClass->lpszClassName = (LPSTR) "MainMenu";
pWndClass->hbrBackground = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
pWndClass->hInstance = hInstance;
pWndClass->style = NULL;
pWndClass->lpfnWndProc = ShoutWndProc;
bSuccess = RegisterClass(pWndClass);
LocalUnlock(hMemory);
LocalFree(hMemory);
return (bSuccess);
}
long FAR PASCAL ShoutWndProc(HWND hWnd, WORD message,WORD wParam, LONG lParam)
{
FARPROC lpDialogBoxProc;
switch (message){
case WM_CREATE:
/* Put up the dialog box */
lpDialogBoxProc = MakeProcInstance(DialogProc, hInst);
DialogBox (hInst, (LPSTR) "MainDialog", hWnd, lpDialogBoxProc) ;
FreeProcInstance(lpDialogBoxProc);
PostMessage(hWnd, WM_DESTROY, 0, 0L);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return(DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam));
}
return NULL;
}
BOOL FAR PASCAL DialogProc(HWND hOurDlg, WORD message, WORD wParam, LONG lParam)
{
FARPROC lpProcAbout;
FARPROC lpProcSettings;
long lret;
WORD wMajorVersion, wMinorVersion;
char hostnm[64]; /* 包含主机名的工作缓冲区 */
switch (message) {
case WM_INITDIALOG:
/* 选择缺省主机 */
SetDlgItemText(hOurDlg, IDD_HNAME, "");
SendDlgItemMessage(hOurDlg, /* 对话框句柄 */
IDD_HNAME, /* 向何处发送msg */
EM_SETSEL, /* 选择字符 */
NULL, /* 附加信息 */
MAKELONG(0, 0x7fff)); /* 全部内容 */
SetFocus(GetDlgItem(hOurDlg, IDD_HNAME));
/* 初始化 */
hMainDlg = hOurDlg; /* 保存自己的窗口句柄 */
SetDlgItemText(hOurDlg, IDD_COHOST,"Shout to:");
wMajorVersion = MAJOR_VERSION;
wMinorVersion = MINOR_VERSION;
VersionReqd=WSA_MAKEWORD(wMajorVersion, wMinorVersion);
lpmyWSAData = (LPWSADATA)_calloc(1, sizeof(WSADATA));
ret = WSAStartup(VersionReqd, lpmyWSAData);
if (ret != 0){
wshout_err (hOurDlg, WSAGetLastError(), "WSAStartup()");
}
return (TRUE);
case WM_CLOSE:
PostMessage(hOurDlg, WM_COMMAND, IDM_EXIT, 0L);
break;
case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
SendMessage(hOurWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch (wParam) {
case IDD_CONNECT: /* 按下连接按钮 */
case IDM_START: /* 选择了Start菜单项 */
run_cancelled = FALSE;
/* 不能重入 */
if (running){
MessageBox(hOurWnd,"Shout is already running !",
"Shout", MB_OK | MB_APPLMODAL | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}
ClearBoxes(hOurDlg);
running = TRUE;
if (iClientOrServer == iShout) {
/* 确保有主机名 */
if (GetDlgItemText (hOurDlg, IDD_HNAME, hostnm, 80) < 2) {
MessageBeep(0);
SetDlgItemText(hOurDlg,
IDD_COMMENT,"No hostname specified");
running = FALSE;
break;
}
sd = ResolveAndConnectHost((char FAR *)hostnm,hOurDlg,iProto,
iPortNo);
if (sd == SOCKET_ERROR) {/* 无法创建套接口 */
running = FALSE;
break;
}
}
else {
sd = GetSocketAndBind(hOurDlg, iProto, iPortNo);
if (sd == SOCKET_ERROR) {
running = FALSE;
break;
}
}
/* Set the I/O mode of the socket */
if (blocking_option) {
lret = 1L; /* 非阻塞模式 */
ioctlsocket(sd, FIONBIO, (u_long FAR *) &lret);
}
else {
lret = 0L; /* 阻塞模式 */
ioctlsocket(sd, FIONBIO, (u_long FAR *) &lret);
}
if (iClientOrServer == iShout) { /* SHOUT */
/* 产生数据并写入套接口 */
if (iProto == iTCP)
lret = TWriteData(sd, hOurDlg, len);
else /* UDP */
lret = UWriteData(sd, hOurDlg, len);
}
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